We can use science to understand what happened in the waters of the James River as the English colonists established Jamestown in early Virginia. 

In 1607, colonists in Virginia face significant challenges as they settle near the James River. In primary sources, Gabriel Archer described the river's beauty and abundant marine life, but just a few months after arriving, George Percy documented the severe health issues caused by contaminated water. An experiment shows how salinity in the river changes throughout the year, possibly leading to illnesses experienced by the colonists. Drought worsened the situation, prompting the colonists to relocate for better fresh water access, a lesson still relevant today as scientists study the Chesapeake Bay Estuary. 

Virginia Standards of Learning: Science

4.4 Students will investigate and understand that weather conditions and phenomena affect ecosystems and can be predicted.

6.6 Students will investigate and understand that water has unique physical properties and has a role in the natural and human-made environment.

6.8 Students will investigate and understand that land and water have roles in watershed systems.